This lecture will explore how solid waste management, guided by the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), can serve as a strategic tool to promote socio-environmental justice and reduce inequalities in Brazilian cities. The focus will be on how social inclusion of waste pickers, circular economy practices, and shared responsibility contribute to building more just and sustainable urban territories. The lecture will expand the discussion on how participatory and equitable waste management contributes to: - Reducing socioeconomic inequalities; - Strengthening productive inclusion of historically marginalized groups; - Improving quality of life in urban peripheries. - Connection to the thematic line: Reducing Urban Inequalities Fair management of solid waste is a concrete strategy to reduce urban inequalities by: - Promoting the inclusion of waste pickers and cooperatives in the waste value chain; - Ensuring access to selective waste collection services in vulnerable communities; - Improving environmental conditions in marginalized areas; - Encouraging environmental education and civic participation. The lecture will demonstrate that well-implemented public policies focused on equity can transform urban realities, ensuring dignity, employment, and sustainability for all.